Cloud security is the set of policies, technologies and controls used to protect data, applications and infrastructure in cloud computing environments (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS).
🔴 Cloud Security Statistics
Cloud security breaches in 2024 82% caused by misconfiguration (IBM). Average cloud breach cost $4.45 million. institutions 94% uses at least one cloud service. Cloud security market in 2025 $60 billionIt will reach .
Cloud Service Models
INFRASTRUCTURE
IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)
Virtual servers, storage, network. You are responsible for the operating system and applications.
Examples: AWS EC2, Azure VMs, Google Compute Engine
Responsibility: 70% customer, 30% provider
PLATFORM
PaaS (Platform as a Service)
Application development platform. The operating system is managed by the provider.
Examples: AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Azure App Service, Google App Engine
Responsibility: 50% customer, 50% provider
APPLICATION
SaaS (Software as a Service)
Ready-made applications. The entire infrastructure is managed by the provider.
Examples: Office 365, Google Workspace, Salesforce, Dropbox
Responsibility: 20% customer, 80% provider
Cloud Deployment Models
public cloud
Public cloud services such as AWS, Azure, GCP. Scalable, cost effective.
Private Cloud
Private cloud for only one institution. Full control, high security.
Hybrid Cloud
Combination of public and private cloud. Balance of flexibility and security.
Multi-Cloud
Use of multiple cloud providers. Vendor lock-in prevention.
💡 Basic Principle
cloud security It is a shared responsibility. The provider maintains the infrastructure, but you are responsible for the security of your data and access controls.
EPISODE 02
Cloud Security Threats
Cloud environments are exposed to unique security threats. Recognizing every threat allows you to develop effective defense strategies.
Most Common Cloud Threats
CRITICAL
misconfiguration
Open S3 buckets, wrong security group rules, unnecessary open ports. The biggest cloud risk.
%82Source of violations
Examples: Capital One (2019), Verizon (2017)
CRITICAL
Account Takeover
Theft of cloud accounts. Lack of MFA, weak passwords, credential stuffing.
%45cloud attacks
Examples: Coinbase, Codecov
HIGH
Insecure APIs
Poorly designed APIs, inadequate authentication, excessive data disclosure.
%35API attacks
Examples: Facebook-Cambridge Analytica
HIGH
Internal Threats
Malicious or unintentional employee data leakage. Excessive powers.
%25Internal violations
Examples: Tesla insider attack
HIGH
DDoS Attacks
Sending excessive traffic to cloud resources. Service interruption, high cost.
%28Cloud DDoS increase
Examples: GitHub (2018), AWS Shield
MEDIUM
Supply Chain Attacks
Attack via third-party cloud services or libraries.
%6202020-2024 increase
Examples: SolarWinds, Codecov
MEDIUM
Data Breach
Unauthorized access to sensitive data. Lack of encryption, incorrect access controls.
$4.45MAverage cost
Examples: Verizon, Marriott
MEDIUM
Cryptojacking
Use of cloud resources for unauthorized cryptocurrency mining.
10%K+Monthly cloud attack
Examples: Tesla AWS cryptojacking
Cloud Attack Chain
1
discovery
Open buckets and misconfigurations are scanned.
2
First Access
Login with weak credentials or API keys.
3
Authority Escalation
Obtaining admin rights, changing IAM policies.
4
Lateral Movement
Propagation to other cloud resources and accounts.
5
Data Stealing
Export or encrypt sensitive data.
6
permanence
Creating backdoors, avoiding detection.
Mini Quiz: Cloud Threats
Question 1/3
What is the most common cause of cloud security breaches?
EPISODE 03
Shared Responsibility Model
Cloud security is a shared responsibility between the provider and the customer. It is critical to understand who is responsible for which layer.
Responsibility Sharing
PROVIDER LIABILITY
Cloud Provider
Physical infrastructure security
Network infrastructure security
Virtualization layer
Hardware maintenance
Data center security
CUSTOMER LIABILITY
Customer (You)
Data security and encryption
Identity and access management (IAM)
Application security
Operating system configuration
Network configuration (firewall, security groups)
Model-Based Distribution of Responsibility
layer
On-Premise
IaaS
PaaS
SaaS
Physical Infrastructure
customer
Provider
Provider
Provider
Network Infrastructure
customer
Provider
Provider
Provider
virtualization
customer
Provider
Provider
Provider
Operating System
customer
customer
Provider
Provider
Runtime
customer
customer
Provider
Provider
Application
customer
customer
customer
Provider
Data
customer
customer
customer
customer
⚠️ Critical Alert
Your cloud provider is not responsible for the security of your data. It is solely responsible for the security of the infrastructure. Data encryption, access control, backup are entirely your responsibility.
EPISODE 04
Cloud Security Tools
Special security tools have been developed to protect cloud environments. CSPM, CWPP, CASB and cloud-native security solutions.
Cloud Security Tools Categories
CONFIGURATION
CSPM (Cloud Security Posture Management)
It constantly monitors cloud configurations, detects and corrects misconfigurations.
ISO 27001, SOC 2, GDPR, HIPAA, PCI-DSS, KVKK compliance.
Data Center Location
Data sovereignty requirements. Data centers in Turkey or the EU.
Cost
Usage based pricing, reserved instances, spot instances.
integration
Compatibility with existing infrastructure. Hybrid cloud support.
Support and SLA
24/7 support, SLA guarantees, uptime rates.
ℹ️ Multi-Cloud Strategy
Using multiple cloud providers avoids vendor lock-in but increases security complexity. Use CNAPP solutions for centralized security management.
EPISODE 07
Cloud Security Compliance
Cloud environments must comply with various legal and industry regulations. Compliance is the foundation of security.
Important Standards and Regulations
INTERNATIONAL
ISO 27001
Information security management system (ISMS). Risk based approach. Continuous improvement.
Risk Assessmentcontrol setCertification
USA
SOC 2 Type II
For service organizations. Security, availability, transaction integrity, confidentiality.
Trust Criteria6-12 months auditCustomer trust
EU
GDPR
Data protection of EU citizens. Explicit consent, data ownership rights, violation notification.
DPO mandatory€20M fine72 hours notice
Turkey
KVKK
Turkish data protection law, with a structure similar to the GDPR and additional local requirements.
VERBIS registrationExplicit consent₺1.9M penalty
SECTORAL
PCI-DSS
Security of credit card data. 12 basic requirements. Annual audit.
12 RequirementsAnnual auditCard data protection
HEALTH
HIPAA
Health data protection (USA). PHI (Protected Health Information) security.
PHI protectionBreach notificationAccess controls
Cloud Provider Compatibility Programs
AWS Compliance
140+ compliance standards. Access to certificates and reports with AWS Artifact.
Azure Compliance
100+ compatibility standards. Monitoring and reporting with Compliance Manager.
GCP Compliance
110+ compatibility standards. Workloads regulated with Assured Workloads.
⚠️ Important Note
Compatibility of the cloud provider, does not guarantee your compatibility. According to the shared responsibility model, you are responsible for the compatibility of your data and applications.
EPISODE 08
Cloud Security Checklist
Use this comprehensive checklist to evaluate your cloud security. Maximize your security by checking all items.
Identity and Access
Data Security
Network Security
Monitoring and Detection
Compliance and Governance
Final Quiz: Cloud Security
Question 3 of 3
Who is responsible for data encryption in the shared responsibility model?
🎉 Congratulations!
You've completed the Cloud Security guide! You now have the information you need to protect your cloud environment. Maximize your cloud security by implementing best practices.
FAQ
Cloud Security FAQ
Is cloud security more difficult than local security?
No, it is different. Cloud security provides automation and scalability benefits. However, understanding the shared responsibility model and ensuring the correct configuration is critical.
Which cloud provider is the most secure?
AWS, Azure, and GCP all have high security standards. The important thing is to implement the correct configuration and security controls.
Why is CSPM necessary?
CSPM constantly monitors cloud configurations and automatically detects misconfigurations. It minimizes human error and ensures compliance.
How to ensure multi-cloud security?
Use centralized security management, consistent policies, CNAPP solutions and automation. Integrate security tools from each provider.
Is cloud data encrypted?
Providers offer encryption by default, but key management is your responsibility. Use customer-managed keys (CMK).
How to implement Zero Trust in the cloud?
Validate every access request, apply least privilege, perform micro-segmentation, use continuous monitoring and anomaly detection.
Is cloud security costly?
The security investment is much lower than the cost of a breach. Optimize cost by using the provider's built-in security tools.
How to ensure cloud compatibility?
Use the provider's compliance programs, conduct ongoing monitoring with CSPM tools, conduct regular audits and maintain documentation.
